![]() ![]() With large Democratic majorities in both houses of Congress, there remained only one obstacle to his objectives: the Supreme Court. Presidents Decided Not to Run For a Second Term? Supreme Court fightĭeclaring in his Second Inaugural Address that “I see one-third of a nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished,” Roosevelt was determined to push forward with further New Deal reforms. In addition to these hallmark measures, Congress also passed a major tax revision-labeled by its opponents as a “soak-the-rich” tax-that raised tax rates for persons with large incomes and for large corporations. The Wagner Act (officially the National Labor Relations Act) reestablished labour’s right to bargain collectively (which had been eliminated when the Supreme Court had invalidated the NRA), and it created the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to adjudicate labour disputes. Between 19 it employed a monthly average of 2.1 million workers on a variety of projects, including the construction of roads, bridges, airports, and public buildings natural-resource conservation and artistic and cultural programs such as painting public murals and writing local and regional histories. The WPA, headed by Roosevelt’s close confidant Harry Hopkins, aimed to provide the unemployed with useful work that would help to maintain their skills and bolster their self-respect. The Social Security Act for the first time established an economic “safety net” for all Americans, providing unemployment and disability insurance and old-age pensions. The key measures of the Second New Deal were the Social Security Act, the Works Progress Administration (WPA), and the Wagner Act. To meet this threat, Roosevelt asked Congress to pass additional New Deal legislation-sometimes called the “Second New Deal”-in 1935. Roosevelt foresaw the possibility that in the 1936 presidential election he would face a significant third-party challenge from the left. Millions of Americans were still unemployed-many had been jobless for several years-and the destitute were beginning to listen to demagogues who criticized the New Deal for not going far enough. Although the economy had begun to rise from its nadir during the winter of 1932–33, it was still far below its level before the stock market crash of 1929. Yet by 1935 Roosevelt knew he had to do more. That support manifested itself in the congressional elections of 1934, in which Democrats added to their already substantial majorities in both houses. Although the New Deal had alienated conservatives, including many businessmen, most Americans supported Roosevelt’s programs. ![]() SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!īy the fall of 1934, the measures passed during The Hundred Days had produced a limited degree of recovery more importantly, they had regenerated hope that the country would surmount the crisis.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives. ![]()
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